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There are several industrial and commercial buildings that now surpass 60 stories or more. These buildings all require tall cranes to help transport the materials to the higher floors. There are cranes that are operated from the back of trucks or other kinds that have their own vehicle connected. Tower cranes are the biggest kinds available on the market.
Tower cranes are the stand-alone structures which are usually seen on high-rise building projects. Normally, they are part of a major city's downtown skyline. Wherever new construction like for instance apartment buildings and skyscrapers and commercial facilities like shopping center are being constructed, chances are a crane would be on site.
Types
There are two different types of cranes: jib crane of the boom crane. The jib is a metal frame which extends from the main section. On a flat tower crane, the jib remains horizontal when it lifts things. On a luffing kind of tower crane, the jib could ratchet to downward or upward angles. The lifting capacity for both types could range from 30 pounds to 10,000 lbs.
Body
The crane's body is composed of a vertical steel mast which is composed of separate [parts. The parts are added to increase the overall height of the machine. The mast extends upward to wherever the desired height is, to the control module, that is a small room that has glass windows on all four sides or to the tower as it is also called. The crane operator works from inside of the tower.
Lift
The crane uses a braided metal cord to be able to raise supplies. This cord extends out from a motor located near the control module to the end of the jib or boom. There is a pulley system situated at the end of the jib, through which the cord is positioned and lowered down. The jib which holds the cord becomes balanced by a counter jib located on the opposite side of the tower. The counter jib holds weights. These weights help to prevent the crane from toppling over when raising heavy materials.
Hydraulic truck cranes are a specialized type of mobile crane. These cranes utilize hydraulics and are able to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulics uses forces being transmitted through oil pushing on the pistons of the boom in opposite directions so as to lift thousands of pounds. Hydraulic truck cranes are important in building major projects like bridges, airports, roads and buildings. A crane can accomplish in minutes jobs that will normally take hundreds of men and many hours to accomplish.
These remarkable equipments have played a very important role in constructing houses, cities, entire nations and individual buildings throughout the ages. Even Egypt's Great Pyramids were likely constructed using basic cranes to allow the heaviest materials in one of the most amazing construction projects of all time.
The first representation of a crane was featured during the reign of King Ramses in Egypt in 3000 B.C. This was a portrayal of a lifting mechanism that was used to collect water. The first official "cranes" appeared in Ancient Greece. These devices were used to create an entire country in the 5th century B.C.
These cranes were initially made out of wood. The designs of cranes started to change when dockyards began to require stronger and bigger equipments. Hick & Rothwell designed the first cast iron cranes during the year 1834, within Bolton, England. This equipment was capable of lifting as much as 2 tons. That same year, the addition of wire rope was added to the crane by an Official of the German Superior Board, Herr Albert Sr. The wire rope made the crane stronger and more durable. This addition enabled cranes to have a larger capacity to lift heavy weights.
Ultimately, the wire ropes were weaved together to be able to form an even more powerful strength. This wire formation also brought the added benefit of flexibility. Germany began to build cast iron cranes 4 years later. The first cast iron crane made by Germany was built in Neuburg.
