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Also known as a motor, the engine is a device that can convert energy into a functional mechanical motion. When a motor changes heat energy into motion it is usually referred to as an engine. The engine can come in several kinds like the external and internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine usually burns a fuel with air and the resulting hot gases are utilized for generating power. Steam engines are an illustration of external combustion engines. They make use of heat so as to generate motion using a separate working fluid.
The electric motor takes electrical energy and produces mechanical motion through different electromagnetic fields. This is a common kind of motor. Several kinds of motors are driven by non-combustive chemical reactions, other types can make use of springs and be driven by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors are driven by compressed air. There are different designs depending on the application required.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
An ICE occurs when the combustion of fuel combines with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. Inside an internal combustion engine, the increase of high pressure gases combined together with high temperatures results in making use of direct force to some engine parts, for instance, pistons, turbine blades or nozzles. This particular force produces useful mechanical energy by moving the component over a distance. Typically, an ICE has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston motors and the Wankel rotating motor. Most gas turbines, rocket engines and jet engines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines called continuous combustion, that takes place on the same previous principal described.
Steam engines or Stirling external combustion engines very much vary from internal combustion engines. The external combustion engine, where energy is to be delivered to a working fluid such as pressurized water, hot water, liquid sodium or air that is heated in a boiler of some sort. The working fluid is not mixed with, comprising or contaminated by burning products.
A variety of designs of ICEs have been developed and placed on the market together with numerous strengths and weaknesses. When powered by an energy dense fuel, the internal combustion engine produces an effective power-to-weight ratio. Even if ICEs have succeeded in lots of stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile utilization. Internal combustion engines control the power supply meant for vehicles such as aircraft, cars, and boats. Several hand-held power equipments make use of either battery power or ICE equipments.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine uses a heat engine where a working fluid, such as steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated by combustion of an external source. This combustion occurs through a heat exchanger or through the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism that generates motion. Afterwards, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and reused or discarded, and cool fluid is pulled in.
The act of burning fuel utilizing an oxidizer in order to supply heat is called "combustion." External thermal engines could be of similar operation and configuration but utilize a heat supply from sources like for instance exothermic, geothermal, solar or nuclear reactions not involving combustion.
Working fluid can be of whatever constitution, though gas is the most common working fluid. Every now and then a single-phase liquid is occasionally utilized. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid varies phases between gas and liquid.
