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Tower cranes may have a max unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet, while the minimum lifting capacity of a tower crane is sixteen thousand six hundred forty two kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. Additionally, two limit switches are used to be able to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature known as a load moment switch to ensure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the maximum reach of a tower crane is two hundred thirty feet or 70 meters.
Due to their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would at first have to be brought to the construction site by utilizing a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Then, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machine part of the crane and the jib. Afterwards, these sections are attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes may be some of the other industrial equipment which is used to erect a crane.
Mast extensions are added to the crane when the building is erected. This is how the height of the crane is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a climbing frame or a top climber which fits between the slewing unit and the top of the mast. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit could detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 20 feet or 6.1m. Next, the operator of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into place another mast section piece.
The definition of a "loaded container" for the purpose of securing and container handling; is a container other than in the empty or tare condition. Containers should be treated as loaded, unless otherwise confirmed. In order to maintain safety, when handling or securing containers, environmental conditions like wind must be taken into account. The word loaded refers to the maximum gross weigh rating of the container. So as to make certain that the centre of gravity is kept as central and low as possible, the cargo needs to be distributed all over the container.
Having an equally distributed load it is advantageous to avoid lack of vehicle stability, and excessive tilting, so as to maintain safety. An even load helps to avoid unacceptable load concentrations, and unacceptable vehicle axle loading.
With the distribution of load in the container, the eccentricity of the center of gravity varies. It is very important that the designers of handling machines and containers take this into account during the engineering process. For instance, when 60 percent of the load by mass is distributed in fifty percent of the container length measured from one end of the machinery, the eccentricity corresponds to 5%.
To be able to make sure that the machine utilized is right for the cargo, care has to be taken to make sure it is safely attached to the container and that the container is free to be handled. Specific attention mus be paid to the risk of the container tilting because of the eccentricity of the center of gravity. When raising any container whose centre of gravity is mobile or eccentric, like a tank container, a bulk container a thermal container with a refrigerating unit or a container with a liquid bulk bag, either integral or clip on, or any container with a hanging cargo, extreme care must be taken when lifting these.
